https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-1489036130029829″
By Dr S.K.jha/ mefits.in
Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder characterized by sudden and repeated episodes of intense fear and discomfort known as panic attacks.
Panic disorder can significantly impair an individual’s quality of life and functioning if left untreated.
People with panic disorder often live in fear of having another attack, which can lead to significant changes in behaviour and avoidance of situation,where panic attacks have occurred.
Causes
The exact cause of panic disorder is not fully understood but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, biological, psychological and environmental factors.
- Genetic factors – Individuals with a close relative who has panic disorder are a higher risk of developing the condition.
2) Biological factors – Imbalance in brain chemicals such as serotonin, dopamine,Norepinephrine and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) may play a role in triggering panic attacks. Some studies or research also points to dysfunction in parts of the brain that regulate fear and anxiety.
3) Stressful life events – Traumatic or stressful events such as the death of a loved one, divorce, abuse or major life changes can contribute to the onset of panic disorder.
4) Personality traits – People who are more sensitive to stress or who have negative thinking patterns may be more prone to developing panic disorder.
5) Medical conditions and substance use–
Some medical conditions ( thyroid problems, heart arrhythmias) and substance abuse ( caffeine, alcohol or drugs) can either mimic or trigger panic attacks.
Signs and symptoms
- Physical symptoms
a) rapid heartbeat or palpitation
b) sweating
c) trembling or shaking
d) choking sensation or shortness of breath
e) Chest pain or discomfort
f) nausea or abdominal distress
g) dizziness or fainting
h) chills or hot flushes
2) Psychological symptoms
a) numbness or tingling sensation
b) fear of losing control
c) fear of dying
d) intense fear of losing control
These symptoms typically last for 10 to 30 minutes but can feel much longer to the person experiencing them.
Complications of Panic disorder
If left untreated, Panic disorder can lead to a range of complications such as:-
- Agoraphobia – fear of being in situation,where escape might be difficult. This may lead to avoiding public places or even becoming housebound.
- Substance abuse – some individuals may turn to alcohol,Bhang, Ganja or drugs in an attempt to cope with or avoid panic symptoms.
3 ) Depression – Persistent anxiety and fear can contribute to the development of depressive disorders.
4) Social and occupational dysfunction –
Avoidance behaviours can interfere with work, school, relationships and daily functioning.
5) Physical health issues – Chronic stress and anxiety can contribute to problems such as Insomnia, fatigue, gastrointestinal issues and cardiovascular problems.
6) Social life – Withdrawal from friends, family members and fear of public places.
7) Daily activities –Avoidance of common places ( shopping, driving)
8) Self-esteem- Constant fear and unpredictability can lead to feelings of helplessness or shame.
Diagnosis
Panic disorder is diagnosed based on a clinical evaluation by a mental health professionals.
The diagnostic criteria include
- Recurrent unexpected panic attacks
- At least one month of persistent concern about having more attacks or a change in behaviour related to the attacks.
- The symptoms can not be better explained by another mental or physical health condition.
Often, medical tests are performed initially to rule out other conditions that may mimic panic symptoms.
Treatment
Panic disorder is treatable and many people experience significant improvements.
These are:-
- Psychotherapy ( cognitive behaviour therapy) – is the most effective form of Psychotherapy for Panic disorder. It helps individuals recognize and change irrational fear and avoidant behaviours associated with Panic attack.
- Medications
a) Antidepressants – such as SSRIs( fluoxetine,sertaline) and SNRIs can help regulate anxiety and reduce the frequency of Panic attacks.
b) Benzodiazypines ( clonazepam, Lorazepam) may be used for short -term relief but are not recommended for long term use due to the risk of independence.
3) Lifestyle Modification
a) regular physical activity
b) adequate sleep
c) limiting caffeine and alcohol
d) practicing relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, Yoga or Meditation.
4) Support groups and education – Learning about the disorder and connecting with others who experience similar challenges can provide emotional support and reduce feelings of isolation.
Impact on daily life
Living with Panic disorder can be distressing and debilitating. Many people become preoccupied with fear of future attacks, leading them to avoid everyday activities such as driving, shopping or attending social gatherings. This avoidance can limit personal and professional opportunities and damage self-esteem. Relationships may suffer as loved ones struggle to understand or accomodate the person’s fears. In severe cases, individuals may become isolated and develop additional mental health issues such as depression or agoraphobia.
So, Panic disorder is a serious and potentially disabling mental health condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Early diagnosis, evidence – based therapy and lifestyle adjustments can help individuals regain control over their lives and reduce the burden of Panic disorder.
Dr.S.K.jha
Informative